Friday, November 29, 2019

Rates of reaction experiment HCl Essay Example

Rates of reaction experiment HCl Paper The rate of reactions is how fast something changes from its reactants to its products. For a reactions to occur, the particles must strike with enough energy. At the start of the practical only some of the reactions will have enough energy to strike with each other and create energy for the reaction to happen. We can increase the rate of reaction by changing specific conditions in order to increase the rate of collision what will happen is that one of the things what can change it is the temperature because it provides the reactant with more energy. So this means the particles will be moving around more and therefore they are more likely to collide with each other. Another one is the concentration because by increasing the concentration of a reactant we are increasing the number of particles in a certain volume. This means there is more likely to be more collisions because they is more particles with in a small space. Another one could be pressure because by increasing the pressure we are decreasing the space in what the practices can move about in. so this means the practices will be more likely to collide with each other because there is less space for them to move around. We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Rates of reaction experiment HCl specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Another one could be a catalyst because this is a lower activation energy required by particles to start a reaction and provides another route for the reaction to occur, thus speeding up the reaction. In the reaction what I will carry out the equation is: Hydrochloric acid + sodium thiosulfate sodium chloride + sulphur dioxide + Sulphur + water 2HCl (aq) + Na2s2o3 (aq) 2Nacl (aq) + SO2 (g) + S (s) + H2O (l) On this experiment we will be changing the concentration of the hydrochloric acid. So if we change the concentration of the experiment we are increasing the number of practices inside the reactions. Hypothesis Based on the information’s what I put about the rate of reaction I think as the concentration increase the rate of reactions will increase as well because they will be more practical inside the experiment so they will be colliding with each other more so the rate of reaction will increase. Equipment Measuring cylinders- so we could measure how much of the chemical we was using when we did the experiment   Test tube-so we could pour the chemicals into   Test tube holder- so then when we are waiting for the test to finish we don’t have to hold the measuring cylinders we can just put them in the rack. Hydrochloric acid- so we have a chemical to react with sodium thiosulphate.   Sodium thiosulphate- so then we have something to react with hydrochloric acid   Sodium carbonate- to put the finish produce in because after the reaction the mixer starts to smell.   Stop watch- to time the time taken for the reaction to finish. Paper and marker- so we have something to look for on the other side of the test tube to test the rate of reaction Goggles- so aware eyes always stayed protected when we are doing the experiment Variables An independent variable is hydrochloric acid solution. Dependent variables is how long the reaction takes. The dependent variable was the rate of reaction. The controlled variable was the amount of hydrochloric acid contraction must be the same. If you don’t have any controlled variables then this experiment wouldn’t have worked. Limitations My limitations could have been: Human error I could have stopped the stop watch a second after the ‘X’ had disappeared, thus causing outliers in my work. The stop watch could have been faulty the button might not have been working well and may not have stopped the timer when I pressed it. Some chemicals may have been left behind in the measuring cylinder/ test tube. Distractions I may have been distracted by something such as a loud noise and I might have looked away at the exact moment that the X disappeared. The equipment that I used might have been contaminated if it wasn’t washed out properly the last time it was used. This could have caused a faster reaction because of any other unwanted chemicals still inside the equipment Lastly, there could have been a mistake in the measuring. This could have happened if I didn’t have the measuring cylinder at eye level when I poured in the chemicals. Methods The first thing that I did was prepare myself and the area around me for the practical. I pushed all stools and bags under the desk so there is no risk of anyone tripping. So that me and my classmates where safe. The next thing that I did was gather up all of my equipment/reactants and lay them out on the table. I made sure that I had everything before I started. This makes sure that my experiment runs smoothly. Then, I drew a large â€Å"X† on the white paper using the marker pen. This was important because it would help to finding out the rate of reaction. Next we measured out 2cm3 of hydrochloric acid solution and sodium thiosulphate in separate measuring cylinders. Then place them two in the same beaker and put the paper with the cross on it on the back with the cross facing towards you. Then when can no longer see the cross stop the stopwatch and listed down the time in your result table. Then pour the finished substance into sodium carbonate because the reaction will start to smell after a while so this chemical will help prevent the bad smell. Do this 3 times so it is easier for you to find out the average time taken for the cross to disappear. Then you change the concentration of sodium thiosulphate to 0. 4cm3 and 1cm3 and repeat the experiment for them to concentrations and do it 3 times for both of these concentration. So then you can see if different concentration will make the rate of reaction change. Fair test To make the investigation is a fair test I made sure:   The same person observe the reaction because different people have different eyesight so keeping the same person to observe the ‘X’ disappear is better. Use the same ‘X’ as a darker or bigger ‘X’ can increase the time it takes for it to disappear. The temperature is kept the same. Same volume of solution – total volumes need to be the same. My results HcL concentration 1st time taken 2nd time taken 3rd time taken Average time taken 0. 4 cm3 101 131 98 110 1 92 94 93 93 2 103 95 78 92 You work out the rate of reaction by 1/average time taken So for HcL the rate of reaction was: HcL concentration Rate of reaction 0. 4 0. 009 1 0. 01 2 0. 01 Analysis and Evaluation By using my results it does show that as the concentration level goes up the time of reaction goes down. On my result I think we had a limitation because for the first 2 test of 2cm3 didn’t go with the rest of the results so they are so I think we went wrong with that concentration. So for all the other results they matched what the scientific information said in my introduction so that show this experiment still went well even though we went wrong on them two results. The scientist said as the concentration goes up the rate of reaction will increase as well and the second table would show this but because of the 2cm3 results it doesn’t quite work out but for 1cm3 and 0. 4cm3 this does go with what the scientist where saying. If I did this experiment again I would make sure that the test tubes where clean because I think we didn’t wash them out properly so it affected aware results because we did 0. 4cm3 and then we did 1cm3 so I think so of the substance was still left other and it affected the 2cm3 results. This would make it better because then I think the results will show what they should show because no reactants where left other. References: http://www. thinkingwriting. qmul. ac. uk/wishees/collections/school/Morpeth%20GSCE%20Chemistry/PDFs/59367. pdf http://www. ukessays. com/essays/chemistry/test-affected-by-changing-the-concentration. php.

Monday, November 25, 2019

Byzantine Empire Essays

Byzantine Empire Essays Byzantine Empire Paper Byzantine Empire Paper A Resource to Accompany History Alive! The Ancient World Brings Learning Alive! Teachers Curriculum Institute 1. Introduction In Chapter 37, you learned how the emperor Constantine moved his capital from Rome to the ancient city of Byzantium in 330 C. E. This city eventually became known as Constantinople. After Constantines reign, power was usually divided between two emperors. One was based in Rome, and one in Constantinople. After the fall of Rome, the eastern half of the empire continued for another 1,000 years. Today we call this eastern empire the Byzantine Empire, after Byzantium, the original name of its capital city. This great empire straddled two continents, Europe and Asia. It lasted from about 500 to 1453 C. E., when it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks. East and west did remain connected for a time through a shared Christian faith. But the church in the east developed in its own unique way. It became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church. Over time, Byzantine emperors and church officials came into conflict with the pope in Rome. The conflict eventually led to a permanent split between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church. Justinian more than anything wanted to restore the Roman Empire, and while restoring it he wanted to include much of the Roman fortifications used in the old Roman Empire. As shown in document 5, Justinian built the Hippodrome which was modeled after The Circus Maximus. Justinian started restoring the Roman Empire by trying to conquer the land that first belonged to the eastern Roman Empire. He gained back southern Spain, all of Italy, and northern Africa. Once he started gaining all this land he had to start to find a way the gain back all the money he spent on conquering land. As shown in document 6, The Byzantine Empire reached its greatest size under Justinian. Because of the location the Constantinople, Justinian had a great advantage because it was right in the center of two cross roads between Asia and Europe, so the empire gained a lot of money in trade because if its location. Because of all these advantages of Constantinople, it was known as the center of power. Without all the contributions Justinian made, the Roman Empire probably wouldn’t have been rebuilt. Out of the many contributions that Justinian gave to the Roman Empire a few stand out. One of the many contributions Justinian made was the building of the Hagia Sophia which was a huge dome like building that when entered gave people the influence of god. In document 3 the Hagia Sophia is described as a spherical-shaped dome that is exceedingly beautiful. The entire ceiling is covered with pure gild, which adds glory to the beauty. The Hagia Sophia was known as a place of god, a place where people worshiped god. This was important because it taught people how important religion was in their lives and the beauty it can bring. Another contribution Justinian gave to the Byzantine Empire was his code of law; his laws kept the empire in order and told people the way to live. According to document 1, people were finding the laws obscure because they had become for more numerous than they should be and in obvious confusion because they disagreed with each other. Justinian preserved them in the Legal Code of Emperor Justinian by controlling their discrepancies with the greatest firmness. That means that he controlled their conflicting ideas by creating this code of law. Justinian created the laws so that everybody had fair rights. Justinian’s main goal in rebuilding the empire was to preserve the Greco-Roman culture. Justinian kept some of the old Roman traditions but fixed them to fit the requirements for the new empire, for example, laws were rearranged to become fair to everybody because many citizens didn’t agree with them and new buildings and structures were constructed which lead to a lot trade and cultural diffusion. Justinian made a large impact to the new empire.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The motives underlying of merger and acquisitions Essay

The motives underlying of merger and acquisitions - Essay Example There are various factors that motivate mergers and acquisitions in different countries. There are also different outcomes of mergers and acquisitions as a result of the methodologies that are used to undertake the process. As such, this paper has been designed to analyse the major factors that motivate mergers and acquisitions drawing examples from institutions from the UK that have mergers and acquisitions. The paper will start by defining the meaning of the two key terms namely merger and acquisition in order to gain a full understanding of the whole concept. According to Jackson & Schuler (2000) a merger is a company that is formed after two companies have been joined or merged to form one entity and these companies have proportional ownership shares in a merger. On the other hand, in an acquisition, the other company takes full control of the other organization which is bought out through an acquisition. There are various factors that motivate companies to merge or to acquire other organizations. For instance, the need to increase market share, increase their geographic reach as well as responding to new deregulation as a result of globalisation are some of the forces that motivate mergers and acquisitions. Companies involved in mergers and acquisitions ought to reach a mutual agreement in order to obtain the envisaged benefits from the deal. The agreement between the two companies involved in a merger or acquisition has a bearing on the success or failure of the initiative. There are also quite a number of factors that motivate mergers and acquisitions in different nations. The realisation that markets are global as a result of globalisation has significantly contributed to an increase in the activities involving mergers and acquisitions especially of multinational companies (MNCs). According to a paper entitled ‘Factors that motivate mergers and acquisition’ (ND), deregulation of the global markets has significantly contributed to an increase in

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Explain what is meant by Financial Markets Discuss the different Essay

Explain what is meant by Financial Markets Discuss the different categories of financial markets and their rationale. Discuss the effect of the recent financial crisis on financial products and markets - Essay Example They enhance the determination of prices for the financial assets that are newly issued, and the existing stocks of the financial assets. The markets enhance the coordination and the aggregation of information on the financial assets and the money flow from the lenders to the borrowers. They allow for the transfer of risk from the investors to those who provide the funds. They enhance the liquidity by providing the financial asset holders with the chance of reselling or liquidating the assets. The financial markets are critical in enhancing the efficiency through reduction of the information and transaction costs (Richard 2005, p.43-48). The characterization of the financial markets entails consideration of the financial institution types participating in the markets and the different structures of the markets. Three sample types of financial institutions include; first, the depository institutions like banks and credit unions, which advance deposits and loans and accept deposits. The second is the contractual institutions are like the insurance companies and the pension funds while the third type is the investment institutes like the brokerage firms and investment banks (Richard 2005, p.43-48). There are different categories of the financial markets each dealing with a different instrument based on maturity and the assets backing it up. The different categories of financial markets have different customers and operations (Richard 2005, p.43-48). Below are the different categories of the financial markets. Capital markets trade in stocks, bonds and securities. Companies in capital markets raise funds for expanding businesses or establishing new ones through issuing of the securities. Capital markets mobilize the domestic saving and the reallocation of the financial resources. They provide the avenue for divestiture of the state owned enterprises, and shares are sold

Monday, November 18, 2019

Organisational Behaviour Resit Assignment Essay

Organisational Behaviour Resit Assignment - Essay Example Managers as planners would be charged with the duty of establishing the organisation’s objectives and determining what needs to be achieved and setting the timelines. This calls for sensitivity to the environment of operation and appropriate decision making skills. While this function would be handled by top management in large corporate organisations, owners handle it in smaller firms. Discussion To explain this managerial function, Xerox Corporation provides an appropriate example. The history of this copier and printing equipment firm dates back to the 1930s with the first xerographic image being made in the US. The firm grew over years by merging with other similar firms with the 1960s marking the climax of its growth. Between 1960 and 1965, the corporation’s revenues grew from $37 million to $268 million (Dragolea & Cotirlea 2009). In the 1980s, the firm faced intense competition from its competitors from Japan and the US with its market share dropping from 86% to 17% between 1974 and 1984. This was largely attributed to the lack of strategic direction from the management. In order to return to profitability, the management sought to understand the operations of its rivals so as to adopt some of the best practices. The firm sought to implement competitive benchmarking after the study which was found to be ineffective because most of the copier companies in the market did not use most of those recommended operations. As such, through studying a supplier of outdoor clothing and sporting products, L. L. Bean, the firm implemented functional benchmarking. This saw the company spring back with customer satisfaction for Xerox’s printing copier systems rising by 39% and 38% respectively. Customer complaints were cut by over 60% with sales process recording 40% improvement. This success was a result of effectively planned turn-around strategy. Indeed, Xerox identified its weaknesses which made it uncompetitive in the market shared with its US and Japanese rivals. Its market share had greatly dropped and it therefore sought to recapture its status as a market leader in copier business. With this vision in mind, the next task for the chief executive, David Kearns was to determine how to get to that position as suggested by scholars defining planning (DuBrin 2009; Sims 2002). The chief executive crafted a program referred to as Leadership Through Quality that would see the firm mine information on what makes its rivals more effective and how they would adopt some of the identified best practices. Data on the operations of Xerox’s rivals was collected through mining information from relevant databases, trade journals and magazines, use of questionnaires and engagement of consultants (Dragolea & Cotirlea 2009). This was followed by a well planned strategy to see the firm regain its quality leadership in the market. Analysis According to DuBrin (2009), planning could be said to be either strategic or operational. The au thor differentiates strategic planning as top level management engagement with the input of other members of an organisation from operational planning as one that relates to everyday operations of a unit or the whole organisation. The planning that saw

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Construction Economics And Finance Construction Essay

Construction Economics And Finance Construction Essay The economic downturn while unfortunate is real life problem that needs to be managed and controlled by construction companies. Construction is experiencing particular suffering as it relies on large capital expenditure to finance projects and the unavailability of a steady cash flow has resulted in many companies being forced into bankruptcy despite making a profit. Cash flow management has been described as the most important of all a companys resources as its inadequate management can lead to liquidity problems whereby day to day activities cannot be supported (Navon, 1996; Singh and Lakanathan, 1992). As contractors have to wait a number of months before being payed for completed work, this places increased pressure on credit facilities that they have agreed with banks, sub-contractors, suppliers, etc. This is why there is such agreement within the industry towards the importance of cash flow forecasting and control (Navon, 1990; Carr, 1993; Cook, 1991). The UK Governments policy has been to provide a fiscal stimulus by increasing spending on large public projects so as to inject money into the economy which will filter down through all sectors (McFall, 2008). Green (2009) forecasted that the recession will match up to the recession of the late 80s and early 90s but that it will recover quicker. Once again public spending is the underlining reason for the upturn but it is questioned whether the continuous spending can be sustained. The logical relation between high inflation which causes a rise in borrowing costs and a reduction in construction investment and thus a fall in the construction cycle is shown below in Figure 2.2 (Ren Lin 1996). These ups and downs in the economy in general used to be called business cycles but cycles implies predetermined or automatic recurrence and according to Myers (2008) we are not experiencing automatic recurrent cycles and we should refer to these activities as business fluctuations instead. Construction companies need to analyze these cyclical indicators so that they can plan activity and investment depending on the fluctuations. Whitten (2009) writing for Construction News explained how The Civil Engineering Contractors Association has warned of an emerging trend of firms pricing below cost. Both Whitten (2009) and Scully (2009) argue the point that below cost tendering is unsustainable and will increase the risk of contractors facing insolvency. Reductions in material and plant costs have been exceeded by the drop in tender prices. Insolvencies are predicted to occur firstly among contractors who tender correctly but fail to win the contract and then among those who win the contract with unsustainably low bids (Whitten, 2009). Cash flow management is extremely important and despite interest rates being at their lowest levels in a number of years borrowing is still a cause for concern as profit margins have been reduced and in some causes wiped out as contractors take on jobs at cost. Methods to improve the cash flow are described below at the different stages of a contract but in general firms need effective financial planning and control to monitor its position. Before a contract begins issues such as plant ownership, labour, subcontractors, materials, etc need to be discussed and the right mix found for each project. Better buying and terms for sub-contracts involve negotiating improved deals either from suppliers or sub-contractors and therefore improve the cost of the project (Coates, 2009). This is widespread in the current climate due to the reduced amount of work available. The last three methods will bring in early money but must be done before submitting the priced bills (Cooke and Williams, 2009). On site, the use of skilled labour increases efficiency and allows tasks to be completed earlier without the need for expensive and time consuming repair work. For complex tasks which the workforce could perform but not efficiently, specialist sub-contractors should be used. Plant costs can be extremely high which means that any plant that is not being used should be off-hired immediately and if any plant is owned by the company then there should be added emphasis on its use. Strategic tendering and project mix become even more crucial to a companys success during times of a recession. As the private sector feels the impact of a recession firstly and for a slightly longer period it is in a companys long term interest to carry out a more aggressive bidding policy towards the public sector (Ren Lin, 1996). Another advantage of the public sector is its transparency and openness during the tender stage. While the public sector may be susceptible to mal-practice, construction companies know that they will be impartially assessed and receive feedback. Strategic planning can be very beneficial as it seeks to align a company in a certain direction. In todays climate contractors need to evalute the client when deciding to tender as many contractors have commenced work on a project only to instructed to withdraw as the funding has been restricted (Edum-Fotwe McCaffer, 1999). A number of contractors have also begun to take on jobs at cost or even a loss in an effo rt to win work with the chance of repeat work. Also this keeps the company name in circulation and also to hold onto valued staff that might otherwise have to be made redundant. Partnering has been widely adopted in construction in the last number of years as it offers the opportunity for improving the project outcome aswell as benefiting the whole supply chain (Dozzi et al., 1996; Larson and Drexler, 1997). It utilizes each participants expertise and resources so that the required business objectives can be met or exceeded (Bennett Jayes, 1998). The use of sub contractors has increased as there is less overheads involved (Langford Male, 1992). The benefits of partnering can be applied to co-contracting (main contractor-sub contractor) and supply chain integration (contractor-supplier), (Edum-Fotwe McCaffer, 1999). This allows greater flexibility as both partners are working for a common goal and greater economies of scale can be achieved when tendering as contractors will have their own list of preferred suppliers or sub contractors which allows them to price new projects quickly and efficiently. As suppliers account for such a high percentage of building costs their involvement at an early stage should be welcomed as they can contribute new ideas, products or processes (Cartlidge, 2002). Tyreman on the other hand draws attention to the fact that the construction industry is inherently mis-trusting and while benefits do exist he doubts whether it will be fully supported within the construction industry. This opinion is similar to that of Wood and Ellis (2005) who estimate that it will still be some time before a fully genuine relationship exists as there is an engrained culture of mistrust and deception. Successful partnerships offer the opportunity for repeat work but the client must be assured that tenders remain competitive within the relationship of trust. As Project Programme Management provides training and technology advancement, it has allowed them to move into new markets which owing to the current high unemployment rate are particularly busy. They have also looked towards cheaper marketing tools such as over the internet to keep their overheads down while still keeping potential client exposure high. At Laing ORourke, Tyreman discusses how credit checks are performed on all potential clients to rate them but they also use strategic tendering which has led them to tender more aggressively for public sector contrasts which is in line with the theories put forward by Ren and Lin (1996) and discussed in the literature review. Supply chain integration has also helped to achieve greater economies of scale. The importance of cash flow cannot be overstated for construction firms and regardless of its time consuming requirements is particularly worthwhile. Despite many construction firms making a significant profit they can run out of cash and have to cease trading. If firms fail to correctly forecast when cash flow is required they can become insolvent as the cash is not available to pay their debts as they fall due. Effective communication will strengthen your existing relationships and help you to form positive bonds in future interactions with clients, banks, sub-contractors, suppliers, etc. The importance and basic need for cash flow analysis has been stressed in the literature review and by both interviewees. Cash flow analysis is an essential day to day activity in construction and it is recommended that effective planning is carried out by experienced management. They need to establish good terms with suppliers and sub contractors and to put in place an efficient cash flow reporting system. Cash flow analysis can refer to both day-to-day analysis (short term) or economic forecasting (long-term). As discussed by Myers (2008) business fluctuations have been occurring since the start of business and while they are complicated and rely on a number of variables they can help to provide a company with the potential to forecast market conditions and thus position itself accordingly.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Stock Picks :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Stock Picks Before I recommend a security, it is necessary for me to establish a few assumptions about the nature of my investment perspective. I am 22 years of age and therefore am less averse to risk. Therefore, my investment time horizon is very long due to my age. My first stock pick is based upon the previous assumptions and also the following one; Economic activity proceeds at a brisk rate as in 1999. Since this would indicate a bull market, I would choose a stock in the technology sector. I choose Gateway, ticker symbol (GTW). In the months to come, this company will start flooding the market with what is known as Internet Appliances, or IA’s. These are inexpensive network computers with the network being the Internet. They will cater to consumers who want Web access but don’t want the cost, technical problems, and maintenance that comes with a PC. However. That doesn’t necessarily mean PC’s are going away in the foreseeable future Gateway plans on making profit from these IA’s by signing deals with communications giants like America Online to be ISP’s. GTW recently traded at $56 a share, with a P/E of 30.6. This equals an EPS of $1.83. In my next stock-pick, I still presume the assumptions in the first paragraph, and also I need to make a different assumption; Continued economic growth leads to an inflationary environment in 2000. For these economic conditions, I feel United Technologies Corporation, symbol (UTX), is an appropriate stock. One of the 30 stocks on the Dow Jones Industrials, United Technologies Corporation, based in Hartford, Connecticut, provides a broad range of high technology products and support services to the building systems and aerospace industries. Those products include Pratt & Whitney aircraft engines, space propulsion systems and industrial gas turbines; Carrier heating, air conditioning and refrigeration; Otis elevator, escalator and people movers; Hamilton Sundstrand aerospace and industrial products; Sikorsky helicopters and International Fuel Cells power systems. In the news May 3, 2000, â€Å" Otis Elevator Co. landed a contract Tuesday worth more than $8 million to supply 31 elevators to the Hearst Tower building in Charlotte, N.C.† This is indicative of the activity this company will have into the future time horizon of the next few months. Thus being a blue-chip stock, it has been relatively stable the past few years as compared to the S&P 500. In fact it has outperformed it consistently the past 5 years.

Monday, November 11, 2019

History of Nursing Homes Essay

Today, there are approximately 16,100 nursing homes in the U. S. with approximately 1. 5 million residents (www. cdc. gov). However historically, the sick, disabled, and aged were cared for at home by family members. Changes in technology and social changes have created a shift in how we care for our elderly and disabled, and there is evolution in geriatric care that continues today (Morris, 1995). Nurses have had a huge role in revolutionizing the care for our elderly and for creating what is the modern nursing home. Caring for the old age, or geriatric nursing, is often not viewed as being as prestigious as other specialties in nursing. Despite the growing elderly population and the fact that 46% of all Registered Nurses will be providing direct care to the elderly, the majority of nursing students still do not receive any specialized content in geriatric nursing (Ebersole & Touhy, 2006). Later on, we will discuss the development of geriatric nursing as a specialty and as it relates to the history of long-term care. In the sixteenth century, we began to see institutions developed to care for a variety of people in need. This did not just include the elderly or disabled, but any dependent poor, sick, orphaned children, widows, insane, and even minor criminals. These institutions could be considered a predecessor to the nursing homes that eventually followed (Morris, 1995). Poor laws in Europe gave rise to these institutions referred to as workhouses, almshouses, or poorhouses. They provided very minimal nursing care, and the care was often provided by â€Å"pauper nurses† who were not trained and usually inmates themselves, often alcoholics. Agnes Jones, a Nightingale trained nurse visited a Liverpool Infirmary in 1864 and reported â€Å"deplorable† conditions. She was forced to dismiss 35 pauper nurses for drunkenness and stated that bed clothes had not been washed for months (Ebersole & Touhy, 2006). These poorhouses were common in the United States as well and often had the same deplorable conditions. Carolyn Bartlett Crane, the Chairman of Charity Organization Department of Women’s Civic Improvement League of Kalamazoo, MI attempted to address these problems first with the Michigan State Nurses’ Association in 1906 and again with the Nurses’ Associated Alumni of the United States in 1907 with pleas for nursing care in these almshouses. In her 1907 paper, â€Å"Almshouse Nursing: the Human Need; the Professional Opportunity†, she described the county almshouse as a â€Å"hospital with the hospital part left out. † She went on to talk about how the specialization of institutions for certain groups, such as asylums and orphanages, left the elderly and infirm to be the majority of those left with no other options besides the poorhouses (as cited in Ebersole & Touhy, 2006 p. 8). Little progress was made. In 1912, the American Nurses’ Association Board of Directors appointed an Almshouse Committee to oversee housing in these institutions. Progress continued to be slow. From 1910 to 1920 focus was taken away from elder care due to the war (Ebersole& Touhy, 2006). An article published in the American Journal of Nursing in 1930 by Munson, R. N. discussed the conditions in the almshouses and lack of quality nursing care. She states, â€Å"Modern nursing in England and in this country was started with the purpose of ‘cleaning up’ just such conditions in hospitals as are still found in almshouses. † She proposed that these small almshouses be consolidated into larger facilities that are better managed (1930). Morris describes the factors that have led to the need for the care that nursing homes provide today. They describe an area of healthcare when a person is not acutely ill and in need of hospital care, but is perhaps chronically ill and cannot return independently to live in his or her home. This â€Å"middle† is ever changing and is affected by two factors: technology and social change. As we discussed earlier, care for the elderly and infirm had largely been done by individual families. Poorhouses and almshouses arose to meet the need for anyone who did not have family to care for them or means to care for themselves. The need increased in the U. S. as the immigrant population rose and there was a shift from extended to nuclear families. A child born in 1900 had a life expectancy of only forty-seven years old. As medical technology, for example, infection control, rapidly developed, the population of elderly people increased. With the rise in aged population, there was an increase in chronic disabilities associated with age (1995). In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, living standards increased. The poorhouses began to become a thing of the past as there was a movement to specialize care for certain groups. For example: asylums for mentally ill, TB sanatoriums, veterans’ hospitals, and orphanages. There was homecare provided by public health nurses, but many refused to care for the chronically ill (Morris, 1995). As mentioned earlier, the elderly and infirm were among the last left in the poorhouses. Thanks to the efforts of many, including many nurses, there was a push to provide better care and bring trained nurses into these almshouses. By 1940, increased expectations for care and the Social Security Act led to the rise of the modern nursing home. The Social Security Act provided a means for elderly who could no longer work and widows to have financial means to pay for care. Entrepreneurs quickly took advantage and homes for the elderly were often as much for profit as for care. By the 1960s, scandals and patient neglect led to increased regulation and public control over expansion (Morris, 1995). Medicare and Medicaid provided more money for care of the elderly and also further increased government control. Rapid increases in technology and new treatments led to a further rise in the aged and vulnerable population and increasing costs. Nursing homes became linked to local hospitals and doctor referrals. Some homes specialized their services to include services for cognitive impairment or active rehabilitation. Government reimbursement and regulation became more complicated. Nursing homes became less â€Å"homes† and more medical facilities. They operated with a limited nursing staff and very little physician presence. It continues today that nursing homes face contradictory pressures to accept sicker and more difficult patients while at the same time maintaining a â€Å"home-like† atmosphere. All this while limiting costs (Morris, 1995). As more specialized care for the elderly developed, it was apparent that the needs of the elderly were not as simple as taking the principles of nursing care and applying them to the aged. Geriatric nursing has only become recognized as a specialty within the past fifty years. However, the origins of gerontological nursing can be traced all the way back to Florence Nightingale who once was a superintendent in an institution we would call a nursing home today. The clinical study of the aged can be traced back much further to Hippocrates. A Viennese physician, Ignatiz Nascher coined the word â€Å"geriatrics† in a 1909 New York Medical Journal article. In 1935, a physician named Marjorie Warren established an elderly concentrated practice with a concentration on environment, rehabilitation and motivational methods (Ebersole & Touhy, 2006). Geriatric nursing is a unique specialty in that it was developed by nurses themselves. Other nursing specialties were first developed in medicine and then carried over to nursing. The reason for this difference is that medicine so often concentrates on curing illness and prolonging life. As Ebersole states, â€Å"Old people often have little life left and therefore are unattractive subjects. † Nurses, in contrast, have always sought to prevent illness and alleviate suffering (Ebersole & Touhy, 2006). It seems fitting that nursing, and not medicine, would give birth to this specialty and that is something that nurse’s should take pride in. However, as mentioned earlier, geriatric nursing is often considered the least prestigious of nursing concentrations. With the continued rise of the elderly population as the baby-boomer generation ages, nurses should be prepared to care for elderly in some capacity no matter which specialty they choose. It is unfortunate that nursing schools often provide little material on geriatrics as a unique population. Care for the elderly has continued to make slow, but consistent progress even in more recent years. Although we are leaps and bounds from the almshouse, there has still been serious abuse and neglect in nursing homes and cries for change in the way we house and care for our elderly. In addition to more people receiving homecare services that allow them to live at home longer, there are other movements to change the nursing home itself. William Thomas describes an alternative concept that hopes to revolutionize long-term care, the Eden Alternative. He states, â€Å"The modern American nursing home is being crushed between the intrinsic weaknesses of the institution and the rising expectations of a new generation of elders. We are witnesses to its destruction. Like the leper colony, the tuberculosis sanitarium and insane asylum, the nursing home is about to be heaved onto the ash heap of history (Thomas, 2003 p. 42). † In 1992, the Eden Alternative began as a grant project in New York. It has changed over the years, but is based on a set of principles that aim to make facilities more like homes. The focus is on treating the residents as unique individuals first and patients second. Some changes that differ from traditional nursing homes include environmental changes like carpets, plants, and allowing pets and personal items, single rooms, and family style meals. Staff at Eden facilities do not dress in scrubs and whenever possible, a child daycare is on site to increase staff satisfaction as well as bringing more life into the facility. Currently only about 2% of U. S. nursing homes have adopted this new format despite the statistics showing significant reductions in behavioral incidents, decubitus ulcers, bedfast residents, use of restraints, and staff absenteeism. There was also an increase in census (Thomas, 2003). Going a step beyond the Eden Alternative, an even more recent development has been the â€Å"Green House† with a focus on smaller being better. These homes aim to blend seamlessly into a community and house up to eight residents in what is more than a home-like atmosphere, but very much a home. The technology would still be utilized, but as in the original Eden model, it should be woven into daily life without interfering with it. So far, Green Houses have been able to meet the increasing challenges of providing state of the art care and keeping costs down while complying with state and federal regulations (Thomas, 2003). In conclusion, the nursing home and geriatric nursing have developed to meet the needs of a changing society with ever increasing medical advances and a larger than ever population of elderly. Nurses have been a huge part in the development of what has become the modern nursing home. As the geriatric nursing specialty has grown, there has also been greater understanding of the unique needs of our aging population. It is clear that despite the advances made, there is still much dissatisfaction in how we care for our elderly population and a lot of room for improvement. New alternatives are being developed and it will be fascinating to be in the field of nursing to witness the changes that are yet to come.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Ccd Report Essay Example

Ccd Report Essay Example Ccd Report Essay Ccd Report Essay Report On Customer Relationship Management At Cafe Coffee Day Submitted By (Group 14)Kaveri Arora Swati Sirohi Vikash Singh Priyanshu Singh Prakriti Srivastava Cafe Coffee Day Cafe Coffee Day is Rs. 750 crore ISO 9002 certified company. Coffee Day sources coffee from 5000 acres of coffee estates, the 2nd largest in Asia, that is owned by a sister concern and from 11,000 small growers. It is one of India’s leading coffee exporters with clients across USA, Europe Japan. Cafe Coffee Day (CCD) pioneered the cafe concept in India in 1996 by opening its first cafe at Brigade Road in Bangalore. Till about the late 1990’s coffee drinking in India was restricted to the intellectual, the South Indian traditionalist and the five star coffee shop visitor. As the pure (as opposed to instant coffee) coffee cafe culture in neighboring international markets grew, the need for a relaxed and fun â€Å"hangout† for the emerging urban youth in the country was clearly seen. Recognizing the potential that lay ahead on the horizon, Cafe Coffee Day embarked on a dynamic journey to become a large organized retail cafe chain with a distinct brand identity of its own. From a handful of cafes in six cites in the first 5 years, CCD has become India’s largest and premier retail chain of cafes with 845 cafes in 128 cities around the country. Internal Customer Management Recruitment Selection Cafe Coffee Day is expanding at a phenomenal rate. Thus the need for right people, in the right place at right time is also increasing. In order to meet the demand for efficient and effective workforce, Cafe Coffee Day has adopted the correct recruitment and selection procedures. Sources of recruitment: Cafe Coffee Day has different sources for recruitment depending on the job profile in demand. For Team Members the sources are: In store Posters Referrals and Walk-ins Recruitment and selection process: For posts of team members the following rounds take place 1. Psychometric tests, Behavioral Intelligence Test, Logical thinking and Comprehension Test. 2. Application blank. 3. Personal Interview, Operations Interview, Regional Manager Interview. For Area Manager: Recruitment and selection process: 1. Collection review of curriculum vitae 2. Personal interview with Regional HR Manager 3. Personal interview with GM- HR. Training Development To ensure consistent employee performance, training and development policies are very important- even more in service sector organizations. Cafe Coffee Day has set 12 days rigorous training procedure at their office in Bangalore for all the assistant managers. Whereas all the team members undergo a 3 days training at respective head offices in North or South India. Flexible Timings The working hours are split into convenient shifts spread over 8:30 am to 10:30 pm. Night drops are provided for late evening shifts. Employee Uniform The uniform of all the employees working in cafe coffee day outlets have uniform of Black and red color combination. Leave Benefits The employees have to work six days a week and are provided with the freedom to select any day of the week as their off day. Franchisee Management Business support helps procuring easy finance Business risks are minimised Reduced cost of business due to economy of scales Training in conduct of business Technology and operating system support External Customer Management Cleanliness – The outlets should be clean for the customers Hospitality – They believe in providing family like environment to their customers. Maintenance Product Quality – Should be good and should meet customers expectations. Service – Delivery time should be minimum. Loyalty Program Cafe Coffee Day uses special ‘Cafe Citizen Card’ for rewarding Cafe Coffee Day’s c ustomers. It is a loyalty program to gain new customers and retain the existing ones. The Cafe Citizens Card entitles members to a 10% discount on all food and beverage bills. The members also receive surprise gifts, along with special offers and invitations from Cafe Coffee Day from timeto- time. CRM Tools Tie-Ups – Channel [V] Get Gorgeous Hunt CCD was the exclusive on ground partner for the national hunt for the most gorgeous female models by Channel V, wherein candidates could drop their entry forms with portfolio at any CCD outlet. The event was heavily promoted by CCD through in cafe branding and on air by Channel V. CCD also launched a new range of ‘Get Gorgeous drinks’ as part of the promotion. Innovative collaterals like branded stirrers etc. were used to add that extra element of surprise. So much so was the success of the campaign that Channel V has chosen CCD to be the on ground partner for ‘Get Gorgeous- Part II’. Movies CCD has become an important national on ground partner for Production Houses to promote movies better among the masses by means of colourful collaterals like – posters, tent cards, danglers et al. Interactivity is ensured by conducting exciting contests around the movie wherein customers with the correct answers stand to win movie cassettes, CDs, movie tickets as prizes and also through a Lucky draw get a chance to win a ‘Coffee date with their favourite movie stars’. Hence, the ‘touch feel’ experience to the movie. The ‘Mujhse Shaadi Karogi’ Promotion: The contest, starting July 10, 2004 ran across 168 cafes in 42 cities for a month, where any customer billing a ‘Shagun’ amount of Rs 301 was guaranteed to win at least one prize ranging from audiocassettes to movie tickets and a chance to enter a lucky draw, which would win them a coffee date with Priyanka Chopra. To heighten the excitement, CCD even created an ambience of ‘Shaadi Season’ with cafe staff wearing heart shaped badges with ‘Mujhse Shaadi Karogi Contest @ CCD’ pinned on their shirts. Creatively designed posters and tent cards in the wedding card format were used as tools to encourage customers to be a part of this contest. Other Successful promotions have been conducted for movies like Ladder 49, The Village, Khakee,Mughal-e-Azam, Shabd etc. ContestsLevis The 6† Below the Naval Jeans campaign, the Sykes Reversibles (Ulta Pulta) campaign, the Levi’s 501 campaign, the TLTT (The Levi’s Torture Test), the ‘Hello Gorgeous’ campaign et all are some of the successful in cafe activations designed and executed for Levi’s. Every season CCD becomes an important media for Levi’s to launch its new range of apparels. Alongwith providing tremendous on ground visibility in terms of wall visuals, tent cards, danglers, posters etc. , a contest (wherein customers could win Levi’s GVs) is designed to inject customer interactivity and to add excitement to the entire campaign. The cohesiveness of the entire campaign is accentuated by creating a new drink and christening it as the Levi’s drink for the promo period! TVS Scooty The Valentine month in 2004 witnessed an innovative campaign for TVS Scooty. CCD promoted TVS Scooty by means of a creative promotion which besides adding visibility and customer interactivity also conveyed the brand attitude to the end customer and helped them relate to the same. Through the ‘TVS Scooty Valentine Singles Campaign’, customers were asked to enter the contest of why they would rather be single and make TVS Scooty their Valentine that year. The slogans/answers served as a feedback forum for the brand managers to analyze the brand connectivity of Scooty with its TG, not o mention the collection of database of the potential buyers. To add to the festivities of the Valentine month, CCD created 2 special combos called the TVS Valentine Combos– Hot Cold (2 ice blended Cold coffees/2 Cafe Mochas with a Chocolate Fantasy). The contest was of course made attractive by the no. of freebies like Sony Discmans MP3 players etc. which customers stood to win. Not to mention the Mega prize of a 4 stroke TVS Scooty for 2 lucky winners! Liri l Liril launched its new range of soap – Liril Orange nationally through CCD by means of an innovative campaign designed for the same which included the creation of 3 new drinks called Liril Coolers (the colours of the drinks matching the new colour range of Liril) alongwith heavy in-cafe branding by means of collaterals e. g. Tent cards, Menu cards, Danglers, Posters, TV stickers, Badges Soap dispensers (in the rest rooms). Major Competitors Barista Lavazza Costa Coffee Qwiky’s Coffee Pub Mocha Georgia Coffee Customer Reviews Some Good Ones The perfect desert is the sizzling brownie they serve, its outstanding, whichever outlet you go to, the taste is the same. I was shocked to see a CCD in Ooty. No matter wherever you go, All the CCD ’s have the same ambience, furniture, menu. Music is not loud. good decor simple and comfortable. Yummy chocolate fantasy to go with chocolate sauce or ice creme Nice place.. pretty good ambience and hospitality fine too. Some bad ones The washrooms are not very well maintained, they need to improve the hygiene, some outlets have loud music playing which does not suit the image of the coffee shop. Snacks’ range is too limited. The amount you are giving for the snacks is not commensurated by the quality that you are getting in return for it The Cafe coffee Day board looks extremely dull dim and brings down your energy level. Its disappointing when you order your fav item and you get a reply its not available or out of stock I along with my friend visited CCD outlet on 01/05/2009 situated at Sayajigunj, Baroda, Gujarat and it was not a good experience. I sat at the table for more that 20 minutes but no one bothered to bring water or even menu card. Finally after asking the person repeatedly I was given only 1 menu card. Again I sat for 15 minutes to give my order but again nobody showed up so I went to the counter to give my order but the person seemed to be lost and didn’t care to take it. Now the biggest nightmare begins. I and my friend waited for couple of minutes but nobody served us. I inquired couple of times but no response. After 30 long minutes finally I was served without any apology. After finishing my coffee I had to go to the counter to pay and the cashier didn’t give me any receipt. This was the worst experience for me and it gives a bad picture of the company showing that maybe the standard of service is falling. The server was rude and more surprisingly there was no manager in the outlet. I wrote to Devahuti the customer service manager for all India on 2 may 2009 and he asked for my contact number, which I provided. The frustrating part is that no one ever called me even after sending 2 reminders. Looks like CCD doesn’t care about its customers. I am definitely not visiting it any more. It scores a big 0 for customer service. Stations of Experience Entrance Queue – It is usually in weekends. The outlets do not provide any lounge or any sitting space for waiting customers, instead they tell the time when the seat will be available. Hall Station- Where the seats are there and customers select their seats according to their comfort. Food Station – Where the board listing all the drinks and eateries on display are available. Order Process – There is a cash counter where customers have to give the order and get the billing done. Delivery Process – The order is delivered on the table to the customers. Table Clearing- It is a fast process and they are ready for Observations Positives Customer Centric Approach in case of providing products and the CRM tools. Cleanliness Value for Money Order Process Negatives Taste Quality of Products Decor- Furniture not so comfortable. Staff Behavior- Not courteous No Feedback system Slow Service Recommendations Taste Quality of ‘Other Drinks’ and deserts should be improved- Here ‘Other Drinks’ refer to non-coffee drinks like smoothies, ice tea, green tea etc. Delivery Time should be reduced. Feedback Mechanisms should be started. Training Development of Staff Ambience (Furniture Decor + Other Entertainment) should be improved. Availability of Products should be there if it is listed in the menu.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Free Essays on What Makes America Great

What Makes America Great Have you ever compared our country to any other? If so, did you see the tremendous difference in the way people are treated and the way they act there vs. in America? I believe that a person’s own rights and freedoms is what makes America great. People of America can speak critically of their own government, women can walk proud and fearless, and our government was designed to be corrected as society goes through changes. People in other countries such as Communism China and Afghanistan never venture to express their ideas to anyone about their own political system or their own country because it is known that there will be serious consequences that will follow. Yet in America, the constitution amendments give us the right to freedom of speech. We have a right to criticize our political system and the people who run it as well as anything else that come to our minds. We will not be ticketed, thrown in jail, beaten, or worse yet killed for what we choose to say. Though in other third world countries, these horrible things can happen plus things like disgracing your family and being banned from the city or country. As a young woman, women’s rights and freedoms are very important to me. My ancestors as far back as thousands of years have worked their way up the ladder from being taught and known nothing other than to be the primary caregiver and house keeper to what we know now to be educated, employed, and successful females. Women of other countries may never have the chance to receive and education, let alone hold a job. I know of a woman in Afghanistan who did receive her Doctorate degree in medicine but she was forbidden to practice medicine because she was a woman. Also, throughout American history we have earned respect from everyone surrounding us. We can walk along the streets without wearing scarves to cover out face and to be able to walk the streets alone without being considered â€Å"l... Free Essays on What Makes America Great Free Essays on What Makes America Great What Makes America Great Have you ever compared our country to any other? If so, did you see the tremendous difference in the way people are treated and the way they act there vs. in America? I believe that a person’s own rights and freedoms is what makes America great. People of America can speak critically of their own government, women can walk proud and fearless, and our government was designed to be corrected as society goes through changes. People in other countries such as Communism China and Afghanistan never venture to express their ideas to anyone about their own political system or their own country because it is known that there will be serious consequences that will follow. Yet in America, the constitution amendments give us the right to freedom of speech. We have a right to criticize our political system and the people who run it as well as anything else that come to our minds. We will not be ticketed, thrown in jail, beaten, or worse yet killed for what we choose to say. Though in other third world countries, these horrible things can happen plus things like disgracing your family and being banned from the city or country. As a young woman, women’s rights and freedoms are very important to me. My ancestors as far back as thousands of years have worked their way up the ladder from being taught and known nothing other than to be the primary caregiver and house keeper to what we know now to be educated, employed, and successful females. Women of other countries may never have the chance to receive and education, let alone hold a job. I know of a woman in Afghanistan who did receive her Doctorate degree in medicine but she was forbidden to practice medicine because she was a woman. Also, throughout American history we have earned respect from everyone surrounding us. We can walk along the streets without wearing scarves to cover out face and to be able to walk the streets alone without being considered â€Å"l...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Crime and Human Rights Violation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crime and Human Rights Violation - Essay Example Although some of them would enter such competition voluntarily for the prize money or prestige, majority of them could not refuse for being slaves or prisoners stripped of rights granted to other human beings. Albert Camus, the mid-20th century philosopher, discoursed in â€Å"The Rebel† (Camus 6) the illogical defense of violation of human rights by the holder of power. No one can question the atrocities and genocide committed before the start of the Common Era. But it would seem absurd that such acts were committed by people in power in modern times when people are expected to act and behave with civility. Camus might had been exasperated and disappointed with the turn of events in modern society since the powerless majority are subjected under the control of the authority expected to protect the people but nevertheless becomes the oppressor and tyrant. The discourses and politico-philosophical essays of Camus might be rooted to his family and childhood experiences (Albert C amus pars. 4-6). He grew up in a poor family and in an impoverished environment. He also experienced a hard life during the war. He was a socialist all throughout his life but an anti-communist. The Algerian Communist Party was at odds with the Le Parti du Peuple Algerien, which he considered as more people oriented and to which he was a member. His views and discourses surely reflected his own experiences. Barbaric and inhumane treatment of people in the distant past were common as part of conquest areas and territories. Even the common people would gleefully watch criminals or war prisoners being tortured or whipped to death in public places. Gladiators killing each other in the arena serve as an entertainment for the rulers and the people. It can be deduced that inhumane treatment of slaves or criminals is part of the culture of the people then. The values and social perspective of the people in a particular society were reflected even to the entertainment and recreational aspect of their lives. Many of the prisoners and slaves were taken as captives from other tribes or communities. Invasion of one territory is made for the purpose of controlling the people of that place and make them subject of the invader. The invader would also want to control the territory and all its resources, food, minerals, livestock, etc. to serve the needs of the people of the invading group. Thus, in the olden times, the conquered people were treated as inferior in society with lesser rights or no rights at all. As a resulted, there are groups in society which were not treated as an equal or as a human being. Or worst, they were viewed as mere animals that can be mutilated at the pleasure of the authorities. Severe punishments were already influenced by the perspective of the ruling elite of the time. In the pre-Common Era China, for instance, punishments given by the leaders were severe on the notion that people were naturally evil and must be punished severely (Lambert, Legali sm par. 2). At around 2000 BCE, humans were sacrificed and buried beneath the foundations of buildings (Lambert, A More Advanced par. 3). Invading nations in the past think of themselves as superior than the rest of the nations. They think that they had more advanced civilization, knowledge and systems. These nations may have had advanced military

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Punjabi Music Bhangra Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Punjabi Music Bhangra - Essay Example Bhangra music is a genre that was developed in the 1980s in England. It entails both folk and classical music from various western regions as well as the Punjab region of India. Some people refer to Bhangra as a kind of dance since it was earlier used as a celebratory folk dance that meant spring or Vaisakhi was nearby (David, 2011). Concerning India’s partition, members from the different partitions started to interact and mix their varied form of Bhangra. This mixture resulted in a hybrid form of Bhangra that in cooperated many different styles. Some people also referred Bhangra as a folk dance.It is dated to begin as folk dance in 11th century by Punjabi farmers celebrating forthcoming of their seasonal harvests. The various moves used in Bhangra of this form depicted how the farmers farmed their land (David, 2011). It is then that this hybrid dance emerged to become Bhangra. Later, the folk dance was popularized in the West by Punjabi musicians. Today, Bhangra dance exists in many different forms and styles including in film sound tracks, pop music, cultural shows and collegiate competitions (Clint & Jasject, 2009). Bhangra music In late 1960s and early 1970, Bhangra music was popularized greatly in the United Kingdom by many Punjabi bands. Example of music bands existing in those times were The Jambo boys, The Black mist and the Saathies. It was their success that created a fan base and inspired more new artists. (David, 2011). These bands used to get a lot of support from both Indian Punjab and the Pakistani. This led to the creation of an alternative to Hindi film music and Ounjabi folk singers Punjabi. Some artists that are still alive today include Alaap band, Apna Sangeet, Heera Group, Chiraq Pehchan and the new pardesi music machine. After 1994, some bands dissolved due to the introduction of electronic Dj loop sampling and dhol drum (Clint & Jaskect, 2009). In the 1980s (Big Bhangra) Punjabi Immigrants invented Bhangra music in the 1980s afte r taking the folk sound from their home country and started experimenting on it by altering it by using instruments from other countries. The Bhangra music quickly gained popularity in Britain and by so, replacing the Punjabi folk singers (David, 2011). This was made possible by the music in cooperating aspects of rock sounds in their music. Since rock music was popular at that time in Britain, that incorporation really assisted it to get more fans. Bhangra music by in cooperating rock sounds signaled the development of a distinctively rebellious and self conscious Asian Youth culture .That time, young Asians in Britain associated themselves more with Bhangra music as it depicted the need to want to become free from expressing themselves (David, 2011). At that time, there was wide silent rebellion by the Asians in British and they expressed it through gestures, language, bodily signification, and many ways. Such times, there was racism and the Asian people never wanted to be discrim inated nor alienated, and so Punjabi music, gave them a sense of pride and identity in such hard times. In the 1980s, some Bhangra artists sold many record labels even some made their way to the Top 40 UK chart. These times, the melody was played out using a harmonium or a guitar and the composer received as much attention from the fans like the (David, 2011). It was during this time that the very first Bhangra boy band, Sahotas, composed of 5 brothers from the UK emerged. It was evident that their music was a mixture of Bhangra, dance and rock. The Golden Star UK was one of the biggest Bhangra stars of that era. Its lead singer, Malkit was mentored by Proffessor Inderjit Singh and improved his skills in Bhangra dancing and Punjabi folk singing while in College. In 1983, from his hit song,† Gurh Naloo ishq Mitha†, he won a gold medal and later in cooperated it in his album, Nach Gidhe Wich that was released in 1984.This album was a strong hit among South Asians (David, 2 011). Another group, Alaap, led by Channi Singh,